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The 1381 Peasants’ Revolt brought the socioeconomic ramifications of feudalism under the Black Death to a head.
The peasants had suffered greatly from the plague, yet they also saw their wages increase due to the labor shortage. However, the gentry of England attempted to cap their wages. At the same time, the Hundred Years War strained the English treasury. In response, Parliament imposed a poll tax on the peasantry.
These two events precipitated a peasant revolt which reached the capital city of London. King Richard II negotiated the end of the revolt by promising an end to the poll tax and higher wages. While Parliament ended up repealing the poll tax, wages remained capped. Wat Tyler, John Bull, and other revolters were later executed.
The revolt caused a schism to form between King Richard II and the English gentry. As well, the gentry increasingly took part in the lawmaking of England to control the state and peasantry. These political effects would contribute to the end of the Hundred Years’ War and the end of serfdom. Summary by Kael Pelletier (March 2024)
WATCH: "Why & How did the Peasants Revolt in 1381?" MedievalMadness. April 1, 2022.
"Until somewhat recently, writes BBC News reporter Melissa Hogenboom, 'the Peasants Revolt of 1381 is largely believed to have been led by a mob of rebel men.'
But contemporary research by Sylvia Federico, associate professor of English shows that women played an important role in “orchestrating violence against the government.”
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