Pullman strikers outside the Arcade Building
The Strike
Link to The Pullman Strike for an overview from Illinois History Magazine (1994)
- Link the The Pullman Strike from Encyclopedia of Chicago
For more on labor history, link to Labor Unions and Radical Political Parties in the Industrial Era
Interior of Pullman Palace Sleeping Car; photography by Carleton E.Watkins/Public Domain
The Parable of Pullman from the Illinois Labor History Society gives a brief overview of the Pullman Strike.
The True Story of How One Man Shut Down American Commerce to Avoid Paying His Workers a Fair Wage from Think Progress (2014).
Labor Day
Labor Day became a federal holiday in 1894
The Origins of Labor Day, PBS (September 2, 2001)
Illinois Central Railroad freight and coal cars damaged during Pullman Strike riots
Primary Sources
The Pullman Strike of 1894, has a lesson plan organized around primary documents from The History Project, University of California Davis
Letters on the Pullman Strike
The Great Railway Strike of 1894, Library of Congress
A. Philip Randolph and the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Pullman Sleeping Car Porter
Pullman Porters: From Servitude to Civil Rights, WTTW
5 Things to Know About Pullman Porters. Smithsonian (June 30, 2016)
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (1925-1978), BlackPast.org
The Pullman Porters Win, The Nation (August 21, 1935)
A. Philip Randolph (1889-1979)
George Pullman
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| George Pullman |
George Pullman: His Impact on the Railroad Industry, Labor, and American Life in the Nineteenth Century. Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
Eugene Debs
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| Eugene Debs, 1907 |
Eugene V. Debs biography
"Socialism is the Only Remedy:" An Interview with Eugene V. Debs, Woodstock Jail, June 26, 1895
Eugene Debs Got 1 Million Votes for President—As Convict Number 9653, The Progressive (November 2, 2016)