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Social and Cultural Change: Rights for Women and African Americans

Page history last edited by Robert W. Maloy 11 months, 1 week ago

AP U.S. History Period 6: 1865-1898

Key Concept 6.2 — The migrations that accompanied industrialization transformed both urban and rural areas of the United States and caused dramatic social and cultural change.

Mills Building, New York City (1882)

Urbanization and Growth of Cities

I. International and internal migration increased urban populations and fostered the growth of a new urban culture.

As cities became areas of economic growth featuring new factories and businesses, they attracted immigrants from Asia and from southern and eastern Europe, as well as African American migrants within and out of the South. Many migrants moved to escape poverty, religious persecution, and limited opportunities for social mobility in their home countries or regions.

Urban neighborhoods based on particular ethnicities, races, and classes provided new cultural opportunities for city dwellers.

Increasing public debates over assimilation and Americanization accompanied the growth of international migration. Many immigrants negotiated compromises between the cultures they brought and the culture they found in the United States.

In an urban atmosphere where the access to power was unequally distributed, political machines thrived, in part by providing immigrants and the poor with social services.

Corporations’ need for managers and for male and female clerical workers as well as increased access to educational institutions, fostered the growth of a distinctive middle class. A growing amount of leisure time also helped expand consumer culture.

Information above taken from : https://loscosapush.weebly.com/period-6-1865---1898.html

Click here for more on 6.1-6.3 AP standard information.

Post-Civil War Women's Rights Movement

Women's suffrage movement meeting in New York City (1894)

Crash Course in US Woman's Suffrage and Crash Course on Civil Rights in the 1950s

Cross-Links: Post Civil War Women's Rights

Overview of the Women's Movement

The women’s rights movement had been gathering a following before the war, and it resumed after the war’s conclusion. Although the majority of women were forced to return to their traditional domestic roles, this period marked a significant turning point in women’s history.

Susan B. Anthony (1820-1906)

United States v. Susan B. Anthony.

Anthony was born in Adams, Massachusetts in 1820. She was raised a Quaker.

She was a teacher for 15 years and then became active in the temperance movement. However, she was not allowed to speak at temperance rallies because she was a woman.

She met Elizabeth Cady Stanton during this time. The two women became partners in their fight for women's suffrage.

They started the American Equal Rights Association in 1866 and the newspaper, The Revolution, in 1868. They supported each state individually passing women's suffrage amendments instead of one national amendment.

Here to learn about the passage of a women's suffrage amendment in Colorado in 1893 from the Autry Museum of the American West.

Also, Woman Suffrage in Colorado, 1877-1893.

Anthony was arrested for voting illegally. She refused to pay her bus fare for the ride to court because she felt she was traveling at the government's expense. In court, the jury was ordered to find her not guilty and she was fined $100.

In 1877, she gathered 10,000 signatures from 26 states supporting women's suffrage, which was presented to Congress and laughed at. Anthony spoke before Congress from 1881 to 1885 to ask for women's suffrage.

Anthony also assisted with writing the book, History of Women's Suffrage. She served as both Vice President and President of the National American Women Suffrage Association in her life.

For more on Susan Anthony click here

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Carrie Chapman Catt (1859-1947)

Carrie Chapman Catt was an American women's suffrage leader who campaigned for the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which gave U.S. women the right to vote in 1920. Catt served as president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1900 to 1904 and 1915 to 1920.

For More of Carrie Chapman Catt, click here

Alice Paul (1885-1977)

Alice Paul was one of the most prominent activists of the 20th-century women's rights movement. An outspoken suffragist and feminist, she tirelessly led the charge for women's suffrage and equal rights in the United States.

For More of Alice Paul, Click here

African American Women and Suffrage

Ida B. Wells

Link also to Post Civil War Women's Roles and Women's Political Organizations

Women of the Civil Rights Movement

Historical Biography page Mary McLeod Bethune

Historical Biography page: Ida B Wells

Post-Civil WarAfrican American Civil Rights

Niagara Movement leaders W.E.B. Du Bois (seated), and (left to right) J.R. Clifford, L.M. Hershaw, and F.H.M. Murray (1906)

Focus Question: How did African Americans struggle to gain basic civil rights in post-Civil War America?

Cross-Link: Post Civil War African American Civil Rights

Overview

Click here for a video explaining African Americans in the Civil war

The Niagara Movement

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Plessy v.Ferguson

Homer Plessy, a light-skinned African American, was arrested for sitting in the "white" car of a train. His lawyer argued that the separate train cars violated the 13th and 14th Amendments.

The Supreme Court ruled by a 7 to 1 vote that the doctrine of separate but equal was constitutional, establishing a standard that prevailed for more than 50 years until the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954.

For a complete text of the Supreme Court's decision, visit this page.

African Americans and Baseball