Table of Contents
Colonial Education, 1609-1776 READ: "What School Was Like in the 13 Colonies." Dave Roos. June 8, 2023. READ: Old Deluder Satan Law Act of 1647. From the Henry E. Huntington Library, 1929. WATCH: "The School in Colonial North and South Carolina" Dr. Christopher M. Span. April 11, 2017. USE: "Back in the Day: Lessons From Colonial Classrooms." Linda Starr. June 21, 2013. Post-revolution Education, 1776-1820 WATCH: "Thomas Jefferson tells of his efforts to establish public education." Steve Edenbo. April 29, 2021. LISTEN: "Learning to Read and Write." Frederick Douglass. Read by Ossie Davis. January 1, 1966. VIEW: Land Ordinance of 1785. From Universal Map. Accessed April 10, 2024. READ: "When Women's Education Was 'Republican Motherhood'." Susan Pearsall. August 22, 1993. Antebellum Education, 1820-1861 WATCH: "Noah Webster, and the first American dictionary." Mary Dubler. November 30, 2021. SEARCH: Webster's 1828 American Dictionary of the English Language. Hosted at mshaffer.com. 2024. WATCH: "Who Were the Common School Reformers WATCH: Today's students learn history in 19th century one-room schoolhouse READ: "First Women Educators." Women's History Blog. 2024. READ: "Horace Mann's Vision in Action: Bridgewater Normal School's Female Teachers." Casey Rekowski. 2008. [For AP Students and Teachers.] READ: "Gender and the Evolution of Normal School Education: A Historical Analysis of Teacher Education Institutions."
Focus Question: How did the U.S. education system develop from colonial times to the Civil War and beyond?
CROSS-LINK: A Short History of Public Education
Overview/History of Education in the United States Website (K12 Academics)
Back to School by the Numbers, 2021-2022 from the National Center for Education Statistics
Colonial Education, 1609-1776
Key idea: colonial education focused on teaching religious values and Biblical literacy.
"A child’s education was anything but 'standardized' during America’s colonial era, which spanned most of the 17th and 18th centuries.
The modern institution of the public school, a free, tax-supported education for all children,
didn’t get a foothold in America until the mid-19th century."
"It being one chief project of that old deluder, Satan, to keep men from the knowledge of the Scriptures...
it is therefore ordered by this Court and Authoritie therof; That every Township in this Jurisdiction,
after the Lord hath increased them to the number offifty Housholders,
shall then forthwith appoint one within their town to teach..."
WATCH: "The School in Colonial North and South Carolina" Dr. Christopher M. Span. April 11, 2017.
Southern schooling grappled with a compromising dilemma: should slaves become Christians? If so, should they learn to read?
VIDEO
Teachers, use this for lesson planning ideas focused on colonial classrooms.
It provides several ideas for colonial education-related activities that would work best in either elementary or middle school classrooms,
including the creation of hornbooks, phonics lessons, and colonial arithmetic.
Post-revolution Education, 1776-1820
Key idea: early U.S. education focused on instilling civic virtue in white boys to strengthen republican government.
WATCH: "Thomas Jefferson tells of his efforts to establish public education." Steve Edenbo. April 29, 2021.
"I attended private schools...yes I studied hard and applied myself far more than the average student,
but if there were any Benjamin Franklin's or Roger Sherman's among the poor 18th century Virginians,
we would never find them."
VIDEO
LISTEN: "Learning to Read and Write." Frederick Douglass. Read by Ossie Davis. January 1, 1966.
"Mr. Auld said that it was unlawful—as well as unsafe—to teach a slave to read.
It will forever unfit him to be a slave...these words sank deep into my heart."
VIDEO
VIEW: Land Ordinance of 1785. From Universal Map. Accessed April 10, 2024.
"There shall be reserved the Lot No. 16, of every township, for the maintenance of public schools within said township."
"In 1792 Miss Pierce opened her own school, the Litchfield Female Academy, in the dining room of the family's home on North Street.
The school lasted four decades and grew to attract 3,000 students from more than 15 states and territories,
Canada, Ireland and the West Indies before closing in 1833."
Antebellum Education, 1820-1861
Key idea: true public education began in the antebellum United States, but still wrestled with exclusion.
WATCH: "Noah Webster, and the first American dictionary." Mary Dubler. November 30, 2021.
Meet the man who created the first American dictionary. His work gave shape to the uniquely
American spelling, pronunciation, grammar and language usage for generations to come.
VIDEO
CHAMPION , n. A man who undertakes a combat in the place or cause of another.
WATCH: "Who Were the Common School Reformers
Who were the powerful personalities who were able to convince people around the country to adopt the Common School?
Where did they come from, and what did they believe about education?
VIDEO
WATCH: Today's students learn history in 19th century one-room schoolhouse
In 1856, 96 students were enrolled in the first class, which was Kindergarten through eighth grade.
VIDEO
"The fight to learn was a valiant struggle waged by many tenacious women–across years and across cultures–in our country.
Pioneers of secondary education for young women faced arguments from physicians and other experts
who claimed either that females were incapable of intellectual development equal to men,
or that they would be harmed by striving for it."
"Through a close reading of Horace Mann’s archival material including official documents and speeches,
this paper argues that Horace Mann expanded women’s social roles in the nineteenth century.
Whether he intended such an outcome or not, Horace Mann’s agenda to improve common schools
increased American women’s educational and professional opportunities."
Chara Haeussler Bohan and J. Wesley Null. 2007. [For AP Students Teachers.]
The history of normal school education remains an area of study that has attracted relatively little attention
from educational historians in recent years, although a growing body of literature is emerging.
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