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Independence for Countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania

Page history last edited by Robert W. Maloy 3 weeks, 6 days ago

 

 

Table of Contents

  1. Table of Contents
      1. Focus Question:
      2. When did countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania became independent countries and
      3. how was independence achieved?
    1. Indonesia
      1. WATCH: HISTORY OF INDONESIA in 12 Minutes. By Knowledgia. November 7, 2020.
      2. READ: "Indonesia profile - Timeline." From BBC. April 17, 2019.  
    2. Malaysia
      1. READ: "FORMATION OF MALAYSIA." From History Maps. 2024.
      2. READ: "Malaysia profile - Timeline." From BBC. May 10, 2018.
    3. The Philippines
      1. VIEW: 425 Years of Foreign Occupation. From Pinoy Stop. June 2016.
      2. READ: Philippine Declaration of Independence. From National Philippine Historic Commission. 1898.
    4. Thailand
      1. WATCH: "Why wasn't Thailand Colonized?" by Knowledgia. June 13, 2021.
      2. READ: "Thailand profile - Timeline." From BBC. March 7, 2019. 
    5. Cambodia
      1. Click here for a timeline of Cambodia
    6. Vietnam
      1.    VIEW: Timeline of French colonization in Vietnam. From French Colonization in Vietnam. 2024. 
      2.    LISTEN: "Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam," by Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Published January 1, 1976.
      3. OR, READ: "Vietnam Declaration of Independence, 1945." From Fordham University. Published August, 1997.  
    7. Laos
      1.    READ: "Laos profile - timeline," from BBC. January 9, 2018.
      2. WATCH: America's Secret War in Laos Uncovered. From ABC. October 13, 2016.                         
    8. Australia
      1. WATCH: Australian Independence: From Colony to Country. Corner of Knowledge. March 22, 2021.
      2.    PLAY: The Voyage. From the Australian National Sea Museum, et al.
      3. WATCH: What Is It Like To Be Aboriginal? Tui Raven, from TEDx. January 10, 2018.
    9. New Zealand
      1. Click here for a timeline on New Zealand
    10. Fiji:
      1. Click here for a timeline on Fiji
    11. Micronesia
      1. Click here for a timeline on Micronesia
    12. Samoa:
      1. Click here for a timeline on Samoa
    13. Papua New Guinea
      1.  Click here for a timeline of Papua New Guinea

 

 

Focus Question:

When did countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania became independent countries and

how was independence achieved?

 

Colonial Control of the Pacific Islands (1939)

Colonial Control of the Pacific Islands

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Indonesia

 

File:Flag of Indonesia 2.webp

Colonized by the Dutch.

 

 

WATCH: HISTORY OF INDONESIA in 12 Minutes. By Knowledgia. November 7, 2020.

 

 

 

 

File:Open Book icon.svg

 

 

 

 

 

READ: "Indonesia profile - Timeline." From BBC. April 17, 2019.  

       

   "1949 - The Dutch recognise Indonesian independence after four years of guerrilla warfare."

 

 

Malaysia

 

File:Flag of Malaysia.svg

Colonized by Great Britain.

 

READ: "FORMATION OF MALAYSIA." From History Maps. 2024.

"In the post-World War II era, aspirations for a cohesive and united nation led to the proposition of forming Malaysia."

 

 

READ: "Malaysia profile - Timeline." From BBC. May 10, 2018.

"1957 - Federation of Malaya becomes independent from Britain with Tunku Abdul Rahman as prime minister."

 

The Philippines

 

File:War Flag of the Philippines.svg

Colonized by the Spanish and U.S.

 

 

VIEW: 425 Years of Foreign Occupation. From Pinoy Stop. June 2016.

 

https://www.pinoystop.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/425-Years-of-Foreign-Occupation-by-Pinoy-Stop.png

 

 

 

READ: Philippine Declaration of Independence. From National Philippine Historic Commission. 1898.


"And having as witness to the rectitude of our intentions the Supreme Judge of the Universe,

and under the protection of the Powerful and Humanitarian Nation, the United States of America,

we do hereby proclaim and declare solemnly in the name and by authority of the people of these Philippine Islands,

⁠That they are and have the right to be free and independent."


Thailand

 

Flag of Thailand - Wikipedia

Never colonized.

 

WATCH: "Why wasn't Thailand Colonized?" by Knowledgia. June 13, 2021.

 

File:Open Book icon.svg

 

 

 

 

 

READ: "Thailand profile - Timeline." From BBC. March 7, 2019. 

 

"1932 - Bloodless coup against absolute monarch King Prajadhipok.

Constitutional monarchy introduced with parliamentary government."

 

 

Flag of Cambodia
Flag of Cambodia


Cambodia

  • was placed under French protection in 1863
  • It became part of French Indochina in 1887.
  • Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia gained full independence from France in 1953.

 

Click here for a timeline of Cambodia

 

 

Vietnam

 

What Do The Colors And Symbols Of The Flag Of Vietnam Mean? - WorldAtlas

Colonized by the French and Japanese.

 

File:Doomsday clock (1.67 minutes).svg   VIEW: Timeline of French colonization in Vietnam. From French Colonization in Vietnam. 2024. 

Picture

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

File:Ear (example).svg   LISTEN: "Declaration of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam," by Smithsonian Folkways Recordings. Published January 1, 1976.

 

OR, READ: "Vietnam Declaration of Independence, 1945." From Fordham University. Published August, 1997.   File:Open Book icon.svg

 

"For these reasons, we, members of the Provisional Government, representing the whole Vietnamese people,
declare that from now on we break off all relations of a colonial character with France;

we repeal all the international obligation that France has so far subscribed to on behalf of Vietnam

and we abolish all the special rights the French have unlawfully acquired in our Fatherland."

 

 

Laos

 

File:Flag of Laos (16-9).svg

Colonized by the Thai and French. Abused by the U.S.

 

File:Open Book icon.svg   READ: "Laos profile - timeline," from BBC. January 9, 2018.

 

"1954 - Laos gains full independence as a constitutional monarchy.

Civil war breaks out between royalists and the communist group, the Pathet Lao."

 

 

 

WATCH: America's Secret War in Laos Uncovered. From ABC. October 13, 2016.                         

 

 

 

Australia

 

File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg

Colonized by Great Britain.

 

 

WATCH: Australian Independence: From Colony to Country. Corner of Knowledge. March 22, 2021.

 

 

File:Retro-controller - game-icons.svg   PLAY: The Voyage. From the Australian National Sea Museum, et al.

 

"This year is 1830. You’re the Surgeon Superintendent aboard a convict vessel transporting its human cargo from Britain to the far reaches of the known world – Van Diemen’s Land.

You’re charged with delivering several hundred convicts to the colony in the shortest time with minimum loss of life.

This is the way to make money and further your reputation and position.

Are you up to the task?"

 

WATCH: What Is It Like To Be Aboriginal? Tui Raven, from TEDx. January 10, 2018.

 

 


New Zealand

  • became an independent Dominion in 1907.
  • In a move reminiscent of the European swindle of North American Indians, the Maori people, a Polynesian group thought to have arrived on New Zealand ca. 800 A.D., signed a treaty with the British in 1840
  • which put them under Queen Victoria’s rule.
  • Colonists soon arrived, with the British wresting complete control away from the Maoris in wars in 1843 and 1872.

 

Click here for a timeline on New Zealand



external image 200px-Nuvola_Fijian_flag.svg.png
 

Fiji:

  • in 200 years, Fiji has run the gamut of governmental systems.
  • After about 100 years of colonial rule, Fiji gained independence from Britain in 1970.
  • Fiji was a democracy until two military coups in 1987, instigated by people descended from immigrants from India.
  • A 1990 constitution gave the local Melanesians most of the power, and many people of Indian descent left the island.
  • A different, more eve-handed constitution was passed in 1997, but that was followed by another coup in 2000.
  • Elections in 2001 led to five more years of democratic rule
  • followed by another military takeover in 2006, the leader of which, Commodore Voreqe Bainimarama, has declared himself to be prime minister.

 

Click here for a timeline on Fiji


Micronesia

Map of Micronesia
Map of Micronesia

 

  • is in a “compact of free association” with the United States
    • the US protects it, but Micronesians rule themselves.
  • This arrangement was started in 1986 after a constitution was drafted in 1979
  • the relationship was reaffirmed in 2004.

 

Click here for a timeline on Micronesia


Samoa:

  • Samoa is a small island country in the central South Pacific Ocean.

 

  • It is made up of an archipelago of nine islands, four of which are inhabited. 

 

  • independence in 1962 from administration by New Zealand made this the first Polynesian nation to declare independence.

 

  • Formerly Western Samoa, this nation was first under German control until the start of WWI in 1917, when it was taken over by New Zealand.


Click here for a timeline on Samoa

 

American Samoa

 

American Samoa is an unincorporated territory of the United States. 

 

Ofu (left) and Olosega (right) are separated by a narrow strait just left of the center


 

Papua New Guinea

 

Split control of Papua New Guinea, which is on the right side of the island. The other side of the island is part of Indonesia, which was controlled by the Dutch

Split control of Papua New Guinea, which is on the right side of the island. The other side of the island is part of Indonesia, which was controlled by the Dutch.
. 

 

 

  • Achieved independence from Australia in 1975.
  • The island was previously made up of a British protectorate and a German colony.
  • From 1945 to 1975 it became a colony of Australia following World War II.
  • It is now a constitutional monarchy in the British Commonwealth
    • Actually lead by local parliament

 
Click here for a timeline of Papua New Guinea







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