Dorothea Dix was a mental health reformer and teacher.

She opened a school for girls, back during a time when girls didn’t go to school. When she visited prisons, she realized how terrible and inhumane people with mental illnesses were treated.

Dix impacted how we look at mental health today by advocating for people with mental illnesses (Karli Doney, May 2022).

Between 1843 and 1880, she helped to establish 32 new mental hospitals across the U.S. - including in New York, Indiana, Illinois, Rhode Island, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Tennessee.

Mental Health includes our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act, and helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices.

Click here to learn more about Mental Health

 Cross-Links

• Disability Rights and Justice Movement

• Helen Keller, Author and Political Activist

• Nellie Bly, Investigative Journalist

Dorothea Dix

• A quick biography of Dorothea Dix, from Britannica

• Biography: Dorothea Dix, National Women's History Museum 

• Dorothea Dix, from American Journal of Public Health

• Additional Biographical Information

• Dorothea Dix:  Mental Health Reformer and Civil War Nurse
• Crosslink:
• Click here to learn more about the Civil War. 

 Timeline of Dorothea Dix's Life:

• http://www.softschools.com/timelines/dorothea_dix_timeline/434/ 

• Timeline of Dorothea Dix Hospital in North Carolina, one of the hospitals she helped create. 

During her life, Dix had also opened a school for young girls, when girls were not allowed to go to public schools.

• Here for a timeline about how women transitioned into becoming teachers.

• Here for a timeline that gives an overview of how education has evolved into what it has become today. 

Click here to learn more about how Dorothea Dix redefined mental illness.

To learn about how Dorothea Dix and other Women Mental Health Hero's click here.

 Voices for the Mad: The Life of Dorothea Dix

While Dorothea Dix had taken a job as a teacher within prisons, she observed much about how prisoners were treated.

• Click here for a timeline that reflects prison reforms and how there have been vast changes to the prison system. 

Dix spearheaded a bill to provide federal land to build institutions for the mentally ill.  It was vetoed by President Franklin Pierce

• Link here for information on Franklin Pierce's 1854 Veto

Click here for an article about Nellie Bly titled "The woman who exposed 19th-century New York's inhumane treatment of mental health patients"

Click here for information on some of the national landmarks in Massachusetts dedicated to Dorothea Dix 

March 28, 1841:  Dorothea Dix Begins Her Crusade

Memorial to the Massachusetts Legislature (1843)

Letter from Dorothea Dix to Mary, March 29, 1865

Conversations on Common Things

In 1824, Dix published the textbook Conversations on Common Things. 

• Link to the EBook of this Text: https://books.google.com/books/about/Conversations_on_Common_Things_Or_Guide.html?id=2OwXAAAAYAAJ 

Click here for a high school lesson plan about mental illness. 

Click here for an overarching time line that looks at all kinds of different reforms made to in order to better understand mental health. 

 Multimedia Resources

Dorothea Dix on YouTube

Information on Dorothea Dix and some insight given on the history on nursing. 

Short video on Dorothea Dix's life

TEDx Talk on Dorthea Dix and her influence

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PjbKlo1i49s 

Click here for a 10 minute video about Dorothea Dix. 

Click here to find out more about how Dorothea Dix's reforms apply to today. 

A major point of Dorothea Dix's life is when she was a Civil War nurse. Click here for a useful video on the important role that women played in the Civil War - includes Dorothea Dix and other important women of the time period.

How We Understand Mental Illness Today:

Click here to learn more about mental illness. 

Click here to learn more about how the treatment of mental illness has changed. 

Click here for a video titled: "Behind Closed Doors: A Look Inside Insane Asylums of the 19th Century"

  Click here for a Tedx Talk video that discusses various things that are not regarded when talking about mental illness.